Reduction of Power Losses in the Distribution System by Controlling Tap Changing Transformer using the PSO Algorithm

Energy is an essential commodity for everyone, with electrical energy being the most preferred form. Unfortunately, non-renewable resources are gradually depleting, and renewable sources take several years to establish. To mitigate this problem, technology has shifted from devices machines, including household appliances like washing machines air conditioners. However, generation of electricity still inadequate meet growing demand. This leads two critical issues: Excessive power loss voltage stability, making it difficult distribution companies ensure a consistent reliable supply. The objective study tackle issue reduction minimization dissipation By employing PSO technique, adjusting transformer tap settings. proposed approach uses 14-bus system as reference calculates losses using backward-forward sweeping technique.